By Gary Fowler & Brad Nitschke
As state and local public health orders gradually allow businesses to reopen and teleworking employees return to the office, the attention of many employers has shifted from managing a remote workforce to overseeing a safe and compliant return-to-work program. Among the lingering concerns many employers face are the travel bans, warnings, and advisories imposed by various state and federal authorities. In addition, the CDC and other agencies provide recommendations for returning travelers. Employers should pay careful attention to their travel policies as the resumption of business travel coincides with the start of summer vacation season.
At the federal level, the President has restricted entry of non-U.S. residents or citizens who have traveled to certain countries (China, Iran, most of Europe, the United Kingdom, and Ireland). While the Presidentâs mandatory ban does not apply to U.S. citizens and legal residents, the CDC recommends that U.S. travelers who have traveled internationally stay home and monitor their health for 14 days upon their return. As many state and local public health orders either suggest or require that businesses comply with CDC guidance throughout the return-to-work process, employers should consider whether their employees in certain jurisdictions are subject to such guidance. In addition, many jurisdictions limit travel to their countries, including those traveling from the United States. Finally, state governors have issued orders requiring travelers from certain jurisdictions to self-quarantine for a period, usually 14 days, although at least some of these bans have been modified or lifted. Governor Greg Abbott lifted Texasâ requirements for self-quarantine on May 21.
For now, employers should consider strictly limiting business travel to essential trips and, as part of pre-approving any international trip, consider whether the employee may telework on return while away from work. CDC recommends that persons returning from international travel stay home on return for 14 days and monitor their health. Before approving domestic business travel, employers should consider questions like those the CDC recommends for domestic travel, as well as whether the aims of the business trip may be accomplished by videoconferencing or other means.
These and other considerations are likely to guide employer decisions about whether to permit or require work-related travel in the near future. As summer approaches, employers will also face questions arising from those employees who take vacation to travel domestically, particularly as State limitations expire or are lifted. Many states prohibit employers from engaging in behavior alleged to constitute discrimination on the basis of an employeeâs lawful off-duty conduct, including personal travel. Whether an employee is required, or merely encouraged, by public health authorities to self-quarantine following travel to a COVID-19 hotspot, employers may question whether they can or should take steps to protect other employees from exposure to the returning traveler.
Therefore, employers may want to consider whether applicable law and any existing travel and PTO policies allow them to counsel employees regarding optional and/or personal travel which may result in a mandated or recommended quarantine or similar restriction. Some relevant considerations include:
- Whether state and local laws permit the employer to restrict lawful off-duty behavior, including personal travel.
- The extent to which existing policies permit the employer to prohibit personal travel that would delay an employeeâs return to on-site work or generate disruptive concerns about COVID-19 infection among coworkers, customers, or other stakeholders.
- Federal, state, and local anti-discrimination and anti-retaliation laws, including those that specifically prohibit discrimination because an employee has been exposed to COVID-19.
- Any impact that the Emergency Paid Sick Leave may have on the employeeâs return.
- Whether, in consultation with counsel, broader personal travel prohibitions are legally and practically advisable, given the employerâs workforce and the states in which it operates.
Members of Jackson Walkerâs COVID-19 task force are available to counsel employers about these and other return-to-work concerns. Additional guidance can be found at JW.com/Coronavirus.
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Please note: This article and any resources presented on the JW Coronavirus Insights & Resources site are for informational purposes only, do not constitute legal or medical advice, and are not a substitute for legal advice from qualified counsel. The laws of other states and nations may be entirely different from what is described. Your use of these materials does not create an attorney-client relationship between you and Jackson Walker. The facts and results of each case will vary, and no particular result can be guaranteed.